Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are crucial in removing heavy metals from water, ensuring safe drinking and industrial water. These semi-permeable membranes operate by allowing water molecules to pass through while blocking larger contaminants, including heavy metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic. The process involves applying pressure to force water through the membrane, effectively separating impurities. The high rejection rates of RO membranes, typically above 95%, make them highly effective for purifying water sources contaminated with heavy metals. This filtration method not only enhances water quality but also protects human health and the environment by preventing toxic metals from entering the water supply.